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Ganguro – Japanese girls - forgotten subculture

 

Ganguro girl style

In my youth I was fascinated by a certain subculture in Japan, that is called Ganguro. Surely those who encounter the topic for the first time wonder what it could be? Ganguro is associated with a certain style of fashion called Gyaru ( ). Gyaru comes from the word "Gal" which is a general term to describe this particular fashion subculture that has been constantly changing since the 1980s and has been dividing into new subgroups since that time. It is not generally known when Gyaru's style began, but it refers to girls who dyed their hair a bright colour, wore heavy makeup, provocative clothes and behaviour (1).

Ganguro ( ) is just one of the subgroups derived from Gyaru and translated from Japanese, where the first kanji character "Gan" means "Face" and the second "kuro" means "black" - "black face". Where did this subculture come from? Some say that it was started by the love of Japanese women for black idols from America and the desire to imitate their image. Back then, Japan was dominated by hairdressing salons advertising new hairstyles called "buraku" (black) or "afuro" (afro), and in shops dark foundations and self-tanners were sold. Girls following this style would regularly visit the tan salons or simply put on dark makeup to keep the skin very dark and their hair dyed very light blonde. There were almost theatrical props attached to the hair, such as necklaces, hairpins or artificial tropical flowers strung on bracelets. Ganguro also used coloured contact lenses, temporary tattoos and cowboy hats. The dark skin was highlighted with pearly eyeshadow and lipstick, which was painted with thick white rings around the eyes and on the lips. Additionally, the eyes were emphasized with dark eyeliner and false eyelashes (2). Their attire was distinctive; platform shoes or boots, purikura (read this article HERE) and cell phones. Ganguro Girls reigned supreme in metropolitan areas of Tokyo, in Shibuya and Ikebukuro districts.

Please have a look at the Ganguro girl make-up video 👇💗



Namie Amuro popular Japanese singer

Some people think the style started in the mid 90's with the rise of a certain tanned Okinawan singer (Japanese island) - Namie Amuro. Her musical talent and dancing skills combined with her characteristic stage presence have spread all over the world. It was probably the first Japanese sensation in the 90's and Namie Amuro was the best in the entire Japanese music industry. As the most recognizable singer and model, especially when she performed with darkened makeup on her face, she became a popular idol of teenage girls. Interestingly, some social and cultural scholars speculate that Ai Iijima had a great influence on the Ganguro girls. This is quite a controversial theory, because Ai Iijima was known as an adult movie star
😉. She had light brown hair and wore colourful, very provocative clothes. At a time when cosmetic giants like Shiseido were rampaging on skin-lightening products, Ai Iijima flaunted a deep tan (3). 

Ganguro Girls

The third and last very likely reason for the emergence of this fashion subculture was the desire to break free from the rigid norms that were (and still are) in force in Japan, where special rules of dress, hairstyle (especially in schools) and behaviour apply. The entire Gyaru subculture, including Ganguro, was supposed to be a protest against social norms and also against the common stereotype that women's skin should be as light as possible.

The Ganguro subculture is almost completely forgotten. Gyaru's style has changed completely, as have preferences and all followers of this style have opted for a more contemporary look.

Ganguro girl in bikini


Many of you will say that it is kitsch and exaggeration, a reason to laugh, but for these girls it was a way of silent protest, rebellion and opposition, and for observers, including myself, an unusual socio-cultural phenomenon.

If you liked it, please like, share or leave a comment. I am happy to answer any question.

* The pictures of Ganguro Girls were taken from Japanese Egg Magazine, July 2004.




References:

(1) Suzuki, K., 2019. Gyaru: The Brazen Fashion Rebellion of 90s Japan. [online] Unseen Japan. Available at: <https://unseenjapan.com/gyaru-culture/> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

(2) Kinsella S., 2005. Black Faces, Witches, and Racism against Girls. In: Miller L., Bardsley J. (eds) Bad Girls of Japan. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403977120_10> [Accessed 1 April 2021].

(3) Liu, X., 2009. Ganguro in Japanese Youth Culture: Self-Identity in Cultural Conflict. Japanese Studies Review, [online] XXII, pp.57-70. Available at: <https://asian.fiu.edu/projects-and-grants/japan-studies-review/journal-archive/volume-xiii-2009/liu-ganguro-in-japanese-youth-culture.pdf> [Accessed 1 April 2021].


Read this article in Polish 👉+ Polski👈

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